Sampling Error vs. Non-Sampling Error: Know the Difference
By Shumaila Saeed || Published on January 20, 2024
Sampling error is the discrepancy between a sample statistic and the true population parameter, due to the randomness of sampling. Non-sampling error arises from sources other than sampling, like data collection and processing errors.
Key Differences
Sampling Error occurs due to variations in the sample chosen from a population, leading to a difference between sample statistics and the actual population parameters. Non-Sampling Error, on the other hand, arises from sources other than the sampling process, such as data collection errors, data processing mistakes, or respondent errors.
Shumaila Saeed
Jan 20, 2024
Sampling Error is inherent in the sampling process and varies in magnitude depending on the sample size and sampling method. It is a random error. Non-Sampling Error is more systematic, resulting from human, procedural, or technical errors during data collection, processing, or interpretation.
Shumaila Saeed
Jan 20, 2024
Sampling Error affects the precision of statistical estimates and can be reduced by increasing the sample size or using better sampling techniques. Non-Sampling Error can lead to biases in the data, which are harder to detect and correct, and can compromise the validity of research findings.
Shumaila Saeed
Jan 20, 2024
Sampling Error can be estimated and measured using statistical methods. Non-Sampling Error is more challenging to measure and requires rigorous data collection and processing protocols to minimize.
Shumaila Saeed
Jan 20, 2024
Sampling Error occurs in any sample-based research, like polling a subset of a population. An example is the margin of error in election polls. Non-Sampling Error can occur in both sample-based and census data, like errors in data entry or non-response bias in surveys.
Shumaila Saeed
Jan 20, 2024
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Comparison Chart
Nature of Error
Random, inherent in sampling
Systematic, due to human or procedural factors
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Jan 20, 2024
Source
Variation in samples
Mistakes in data collection, processing, or interpretation
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Jan 20, 2024
Impact on Research
Affects precision, can be reduced with larger samples
Leads to biases, harder to correct
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Jan 20, 2024
Measurement and Control
Estimable and controllable with statistical methods
Requires stringent data quality control
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Jan 20, 2024
Examples
Margin of error in polls
Data entry errors, non-response in surveys
Shumaila Saeed
Jan 20, 2024
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Sampling Error and Non-Sampling Error Definitions
Sampling Error
Variation in statistical data due to the specific sample selected.
In a survey of 100 people, the average age might differ slightly from the entire population's average age.
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Jan 09, 2024
Non-Sampling Error
Errors in data collection, processing, or analysis not related to sampling.
A survey has a non-sampling error if respondents misunderstand questions leading to incorrect responses.
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Jan 09, 2024
Sampling Error
The error caused by observing a sample instead of the whole population.
A poll showing 55% support for a policy might have a 5% sampling error, indicating the true support could range from 50% to 60%.
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Jan 09, 2024
Non-Sampling Error
Inaccuracies in survey results from poor questionnaire design.
Ambiguous questions in a survey causing varied interpretations among respondents is a non-sampling error.
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Jan 09, 2024
Sampling Error
An error that arises from the randomness of selecting a sample.
A study on average income in a city may have a sampling error if the chosen sample isn't fully representative.
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Jan 09, 2024
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Non-Sampling Error
Bias introduced during data processing or interpretation.
Misinterpreting survey responses due to biased assumptions is a non-sampling error.
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Jan 09, 2024
Sampling Error
A discrepancy between the sample result and the true population result.
A market research survey sampled 200 people and found 70% prefer Brand A, but the actual preference in the entire market may vary.
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Jan 09, 2024
Non-Sampling Error
Errors caused by incomplete or incorrect data collection.
A census missing data from certain households experiences a non-sampling error.
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Jan 09, 2024
Sampling Error
The degree to which a sample differs statistically from the population.
A clinical trial's results might have a sampling error if the participants aren't representative of the general population.
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Jan 09, 2024
Non-Sampling Error
Systematic errors in research that occur due to factors other than sampling.
An error in coding survey responses leads to incorrect data analysis, representing a non-sampling error.
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Jan 09, 2024
Repeatedly Asked Queries
What causes Sampling Error?
It's caused by the inherent randomness in selecting a sample.
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Jan 20, 2024
Can Sampling Error be eliminated?
No, but it can be reduced by increasing the sample size or using better sampling techniques.
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Jan 20, 2024
Is Sampling Error present in all surveys?
Yes, any study using a sample will have some level of sampling error.
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Jan 20, 2024
What is Non-Sampling Error?
It refers to errors not related to the act of sampling, like data collection or processing mistakes.
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Jan 20, 2024
How is Sampling Error measured?
It's often measured by the standard error or confidence intervals in statistical analysis.
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Jan 20, 2024
Can Non-Sampling Error be controlled?
Yes, through rigorous data collection, validation processes, and effective survey design.
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Jan 20, 2024
How can Non-Sampling Error be minimized?
By ensuring accuracy in data collection, processing, and interpretation, and by training researchers.
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Jan 20, 2024
What is Sampling Error?
It's the error caused by observing a sample rather than the entire population.
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Jan 20, 2024
Does a larger sample size affect Non-Sampling Error?
No, Non-Sampling Error is unrelated to sample size.
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Jan 20, 2024
Can advanced statistical methods reduce Sampling Error?
Yes, using appropriate statistical methods can help minimize Sampling Error.
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Jan 20, 2024
Can technology reduce Non-Sampling Errors?
Yes, technology can improve data accuracy and reduce errors in collection and processing.
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Jan 20, 2024
What impact does sample representativeness have on Sampling Error?
Better representativeness reduces Sampling Error, leading to more accurate population estimates.
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Jan 20, 2024
What are common sources of Non-Sampling Error?
Common sources include respondent errors, data entry mistakes, and flawed survey design.
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Jan 20, 2024
Is Non-Sampling Error more serious than Sampling Error?
It can be, as it often leads to biases that are difficult to detect and correct.
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Jan 20, 2024
What role does respondent behavior play in Non-Sampling Error?
Respondent behavior, like misunderstanding questions or providing false answers, can contribute to Non-Sampling Error.
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Jan 20, 2024
Are Sampling Errors more prevalent in certain types of research?
Sampling Errors are common in any research involving sampling, particularly in surveys and polls.
Shumaila Saeed
Jan 20, 2024
Does correcting Sampling Error also correct Non-Sampling Error?
No, these are different types of errors and require different approaches to address.
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Jan 20, 2024
How do Sampling and Non-Sampling Errors impact research validity?
Both can affect the accuracy of research findings, but Non-Sampling Errors can lead to more significant biases.
Shumaila Saeed
Jan 20, 2024
Are Non-Sampling Errors avoidable?
Not entirely, but they can be significantly reduced with careful planning and execution.
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Jan 20, 2024
Does the method of data collection influence Sampling Error?
Yes, different sampling methods can lead to different levels of Sampling Error.
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Jan 20, 2024
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About Author
Written by
Shumaila SaeedShumaila Saeed, an expert content creator with 6 years of experience, specializes in distilling complex topics into easily digestible comparisons, shining a light on the nuances that both inform and educate readers with clarity and accuracy.
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