Intensive Properties vs. Extensive Properties: Know the Difference
By Shumaila Saeed || Published on February 17, 2024
Intensive properties are independent of the system's size or amount of material, while extensive properties vary directly with the size or amount.
Key Differences
Intensive properties are characteristics of matter that do not depend on the amount of substance present. These properties remain constant regardless of the system's size. Extensive properties, in contrast, are dependent on the quantity of matter. They change when the size or amount of the substance changes.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Examples of intensive properties include temperature, density, and color. These properties are the same regardless of how much of a substance you have. Extensive properties include mass, volume, and energy. These properties increase or decrease with the amount of substance.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Intensive properties are useful for identifying substances because they do not change with quantity. They are essential in chemical and physical analysis. Extensive properties are important for understanding the quantity of material in a system and are crucial in engineering and scientific calculations.
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Feb 17, 2024
In thermodynamics, intensive properties like temperature and pressure are often contrasted with extensive properties like internal energy and enthalpy. The distinction is important for understanding how systems interact with their surroundings.
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Feb 17, 2024
The difference between intensive and extensive properties is fundamental in material science, chemistry, and physics. It helps in classifying and understanding the behavior of materials under different conditions and in various quantities.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
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Comparison Chart
Dependence on Amount
Independent of size or amount
Dependent on size or amount
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Feb 17, 2024
Use in Identification
Useful for identifying substances
Not useful for identification
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Feb 17, 2024
Importance in Thermodynamics
Important for system interactions
Important for quantity of energy
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Feb 17, 2024
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Intensive Properties and Extensive Properties Definitions
Intensive Properties
Remains constant during phase changes.
The color of gold, an intensive property, does not change whether it's a large bar or a small coin.
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Extensive Properties
Proportional to the amount of material.
The mass of water, an extensive property, increases as more water is added.
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Jan 20, 2024
Intensive Properties
Essential for identifying substances.
The melting point of iron, an intensive property, is a key identifier of its purity.
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Jan 20, 2024
Extensive Properties
Additive for composite systems.
The energy content of a system, an extensive property, is the sum of the energies of its parts.
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Jan 20, 2024
Intensive Properties
Characteristic of the type of material.
The density of gold, an intensive property, is always 19.32 g/cm³, irrespective of the sample size.
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Jan 20, 2024
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Extensive Properties
Depends on the system's extent or size.
The length of a metal rod, an extensive property, increases when the rod is extended.
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Intensive Properties
Not additive for composite systems.
The hardness of a diamond, an intensive property, remains the same regardless of how many diamonds are combined.
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Jan 20, 2024
Extensive Properties
Not useful for substance identification.
The total charge in a system, an extensive property, varies with the quantity of charged particles.
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Jan 20, 2024
Intensive Properties
Independent of the amount of material.
The boiling point of water, an intensive property, remains at 100°C regardless of quantity.
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Jan 20, 2024
Extensive Properties
Changes with system size.
The volume of a gas, an extensive property, expands when the gas is heated.
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Jan 20, 2024
Repeatedly Asked Queries
What are intensive properties?
Intensive properties are those that do not depend on the system's size or amount of material.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
What are extensive properties?
Extensive properties vary directly with the amount of substance or size of the system.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Is mass an intensive or extensive property?
Mass is an extensive property as it depends on the quantity of substance.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Is temperature an intensive property?
Yes, temperature is an intensive property.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Can intensive properties identify substances?
Yes, intensive properties are often unique to substances and can help in identification.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Do extensive properties help in identification?
No, extensive properties are not typically useful for identifying substances.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
What role do extensive properties play in thermodynamics?
Extensive properties help in determining the total energy and substance amount in thermodynamic systems.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Are intensive properties affected by external conditions?
While they can change with conditions like temperature, they remain independent of system size.
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Feb 17, 2024
What is an example of an extensive property in daily life?
The weight of groceries is an extensive property, increasing with more items.
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Feb 17, 2024
Are color and boiling point intensive properties?
Yes, both color and boiling point are intensive properties.
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Feb 17, 2024
Can extensive properties be additive?
Yes, extensive properties are additive over composite systems.
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Feb 17, 2024
Can extensive properties change in a closed system?
Yes, extensive properties can change with internal reactions in a closed system.
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Feb 17, 2024
How do intensive properties change with phase?
Intensive properties generally remain constant across phase changes.
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Feb 17, 2024
Do extensive properties scale with sample size?
Yes, extensive properties scale directly with the amount of substance or system size.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Is volume intensive or extensive?
Volume is an extensive property, changing with the size of the system.
Shumaila Saeed
Feb 17, 2024
Is density extensive or intensive?
Density is an intensive property as it does not vary with sample size.
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Feb 17, 2024
How do phase transitions affect extensive properties?
Extensive properties like volume can change significantly during phase transitions.
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Feb 17, 2024
Is electrical conductivity an intensive property?
Yes, electrical conductivity is an intensive property, reflecting the material's nature.
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Feb 17, 2024
How do intensive properties affect material properties?
Intensive properties determine characteristics like strength and thermal conductivity.
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Feb 17, 2024
Are all physical properties either intensive or extensive?
Yes, physical properties can be categorized as either intensive or extensive.
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Feb 17, 2024
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About Author
Written by
Shumaila SaeedShumaila Saeed, an expert content creator with 6 years of experience, specializes in distilling complex topics into easily digestible comparisons, shining a light on the nuances that both inform and educate readers with clarity and accuracy.
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