DEB vs. RPM: Know the Difference
By Shumaila Saeed || Updated on December 25, 2023
DEB is the package format used by the Debian Linux distribution and its derivatives; RPM is used by Red Hat Linux and its derivatives.
Key Differences
DEB and RPM are both packaging formats for Linux software, but they are used by different distributions. DEB packages are used in Debian-based systems like Ubuntu, while RPM packages are used in Red Hat-based systems such as Fedora and CentOS. The DEB format is managed by the dpkg package management system, whereas RPM packages are managed by the rpm package management system.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Each DEB file is a Unix archive that includes two tar archives: one for the installer control information and another for the installable data. RPM files are cpio archives, wrapped in an RPM header that contains metadata about the package. Both DEB and RPM formats support pre-installation and post-installation scripts, allowing for complex software installation procedures to be automated.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
One key difference is the tools used to interact with these packages. For DEB packages, tools like apt, apt-get, aptitude, or the Ubuntu Software Center are typically used. RPM packages are managed using the rpm command, YUM, or DNF. Each toolset reflects the philosophy and preferences of the distribution family for which it was designed.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Dependency resolution is another area where DEB and RPM differ. APT, used with DEB files, tends to handle dependencies more gracefully, automatically fetching and installing required packages. RPM has historically required manual dependency management, though YUM and DNF have provided automatic dependency resolution for RPM packages for some time now.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
While both DEB and RPM systems are robust and feature-rich, they are not natively compatible with each other. However, there are tools like alien that can convert between the two formats, and both types of systems are converging in terms of features and capabilities with the adoption of universal package managers like Snap and Flatpak.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
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Comparison Chart
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DEB and RPM Definitions
DEB
A package format for Debian-based Linux distributions.
I installed the software with a DEB file on my Ubuntu system.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 10, 2023
RPM
Managed by the rpm package management system.
The RPM package was installed using the rpm command.
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Nov 10, 2023
DEB
Managed by dpkg and APT package management tools.
I used apt-get to install the DEB package.
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Nov 10, 2023
RPM
A package format for Red Hat-based Linux distributions.
I installed the software with an RPM file on my Fedora system.
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Nov 10, 2023
DEB
Used for software installation and distribution.
I downloaded the latest DEB of my favorite application.
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Nov 10, 2023
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RPM
Also includes pre- and post-installation scripts.
The RPM's scripts took care of the entire setup.
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Nov 10, 2023
DEB
Often found in personal desktop computing environments.
As a Debian user, I am familiar with handling DEB packages.
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Nov 10, 2023
RPM
More frequently used in enterprise and server environments.
Our servers run CentOS, so we often work with RPM packages.
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Nov 10, 2023
DEB
Includes pre- and post-installation scripts.
The DEB package's post-installation script configured the application automatically.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 10, 2023
RPM
Used for software installation, upgrade, and removal.
I updated the system software using an RPM file.
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Nov 10, 2023
Repeatedly Asked Queries
What tool do I use to install a DEB file?
You can use dpkg or APT to install a DEB file.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
What is an RPM file?
An RPM file is a Red Hat Package Manager file used for software installation on Red Hat-based systems.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Do DEB and RPM support installation scripts?
Yes, both support pre- and post-installation scripts.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Is it possible to convert DEB to RPM?
Yes, using a tool like alien, you can convert DEB to RPM and vice versa.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
What is a DEB file?
A DEB file is a Debian package file used for installing software on Debian-based systems.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Are DEB and RPM interchangeable?
No, they are not directly interchangeable but can be converted using tools like alien.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Can DEB and RPM handle dependencies?
Yes, both can handle dependencies, with APT for DEB and YUM/DNF for RPM.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Which distributions use RPM files?
Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS, and other Red Hat-based distributions use RPM files.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
What tool do I use to install an RPM file?
You can use the rpm command or YUM/DNF to install an RPM file.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Is it possible to install software without using DEB or RPM?
Yes, you can compile software from source or use universal packages like Snap or Flatpak.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Which is better, DEB or RPM?
"Better" depends on the user's needs and the distribution they are using.
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Nov 14, 2023
Which distributions use DEB files?
Debian, Ubuntu, and other Debian-based distributions use DEB files.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Do I need root access to install DEB or RPM packages?
Yes, you typically need root access to install these packages.
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Nov 14, 2023
Can I create my own DEB or RPM packages?
Yes, you can create your own packages if you know how to package software for Debian or Red Hat systems.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
Are there graphical tools to install DEB or RPM?
Yes, both types of packages have graphical tools like GDebi for DEB and YUM Extender for RPM.
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Nov 14, 2023
How do I remove a DEB package?
You can remove a DEB package using dpkg or APT.
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Nov 14, 2023
How do I remove an RPM package?
You can remove an RPM package using the rpm command or YUM/DNF.
Shumaila Saeed
Nov 14, 2023
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About Author
Written by
Shumaila SaeedShumaila Saeed, an expert content creator with 6 years of experience, specializes in distilling complex topics into easily digestible comparisons, shining a light on the nuances that both inform and educate readers with clarity and accuracy.
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