Alkali vs. Acid: Know the Difference
By Shumaila Saeed || Updated on December 25, 2023
Alkalis are substances that form hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution and have a pH above 7, while acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution and have a pH below 7.
Key Differences
Alkalis are basic compounds, typically forming hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water, resulting in a pH greater than 7. Acids, in contrast, are compounds that dissociate in water to release hydrogen ions (H⁺), leading to a pH less than 7.
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The nature of alkalis is such that they can neutralize acids, often resulting in the formation of a salt and water, a process known as neutralization. Acids, on the other hand, can neutralize bases or alkalis, undergoing the same neutralization reaction but from the opposite perspective.
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Common examples of alkalis include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, which are often used in cleaning products and industrial processes. Acids include substances like hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, known for their corrosive properties and wide use in industry.
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Alkalis typically feel slippery and can be corrosive to skin and materials, similar to strong acids, but they are characterized by their ability to turn red litmus paper blue. Acids, conversely, have a sour taste and turn blue litmus paper red.
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In terms of chemical structure, alkalis often consist of a metal ion and a hydroxide ion, whereas acids are generally composed of hydrogen atoms and a nonmetal or complex ion.
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Comparison Chart
Neutralization
Neutralizes acids, forming salt and water
Neutralizes bases/alkalis, forming salt and water
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Common Examples
Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid
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Alkali and Acid Definitions
Alkali
They are characterized by a slippery feel and can be corrosive.
The alkali felt slippery when touched with gloves.
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Acid
They often have a sour taste and can be corrosive.
The acid corroded the metal surface quickly.
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Alkali
Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.
In our experiment, the solution turned the red litmus paper blue, indicating it was an alkali.
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Dec 11, 2023
Acid
Common acids include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in industrial cleaning processes.
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Alkali
An alkali is a substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a basic pH.
Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali used in soap making.
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Acid
Any of a class of substances whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form salts.
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Alkali
Alkalis are soluble bases that neutralize acids.
The alkali neutralized the acid, forming water and a salt.
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Alkali
They are commonly found in cleaning agents and detergents.
Many household cleaners contain alkali substances for effective cleaning.
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Alkali
A carbonate or hydroxide of an alkali metal, the aqueous solution of which is bitter, slippery, caustic, and characteristically basic in reactions.
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Acid
A substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.
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Alkali
Any of various soluble mineral salts found in natural water and arid soils.
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Acid
The quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful
Wrote with acid about her first marriage.
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Alkali
(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.
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Alkali
(Western United States) Soluble mineral matter, other than common salt, contained in soils of natural waters.
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Alkali
One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.
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Alkali
Soluble mineral matter, other than common salt, contained in soils of natural waters.
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Alkali
Any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water;
Bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia
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Alkali
A mixture of soluble salts found in arid soils and some bodies of water; detrimental to agriculture
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Acid
Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar.
Acid fruits or liquors
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Acid
(music) Denoting a musical genre that is a distortion (as if hallucinogenic) of an existing genre, as in acid house, acid jazz, acid rock.
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Acid
Any compound which yields H+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water; an Arrhenius acid.
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Acid
Any compound that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond; a Lewis acid.
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Acid
Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar: as, acid fruits or liquors. Also fig.: Sour-tempered.
He was stern and his face as acid as ever.
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Acid
One of a class of compounds, generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste, solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called hydracids in distinction from the others which are called oxygen acids or oxacids.
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Acid
Any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
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Acid
Harsh or corrosive in tone;
An acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose
A barrage of acid comments
Her acrid remarks make her many enemies
Bitter words
Blistering criticism
Caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics
A sulfurous denunciation
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Acid
Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions in solution and have an acidic pH.
Vinegar contains acetic acid, which gives it its sour taste.
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Acid
Acids react with bases to neutralize them, forming salt and water.
The acid reacted with the base to form water and a salt.
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Acid
Acids turn blue litmus paper red.
In the lab, the blue litmus paper turned red upon contact with the acid.
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Repeatedly Asked Queries
What defines an acid?
A compound that releases hydrogen ions in solution and is acidic.
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What is an alkali?
A substance that produces hydroxide ions in water and is basic.
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What effect do acids have on litmus paper?
They turn blue litmus paper red.
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Can alkalis neutralize acids?
Yes, they can neutralize acids, forming salt and water.
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Do acids have a characteristic taste?
Yes, acids typically have a sour taste.
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What is a common use of acids?
In industrial cleaning and as a food additive for sourness.
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Are alkalis corrosive?
Strong alkalis can be corrosive to skin and materials.
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Are alkalis harmful to the environment?
In high concentrations, they can be harmful to aquatic life.
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Do acids react with metals?
Yes, many acids react with metals, releasing hydrogen gas.
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What safety precautions are needed for acids?
Proper handling and storage due to their corrosive nature.
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How are alkalis used in daily life?
In cleaning agents, soaps, and detergents.
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Is it safe to touch alkalis?
Caution is needed as strong alkalis can burn the skin.
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Can acids be found in food?
Yes, like citric acid in citrus fruits and acetic acid in vinegar.
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What happens when an acid reacts with a carbonate?
It produces carbon dioxide, water, and a salt.
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Are alkalis and acids used in agriculture?
Yes, for adjusting soil pH and as nutrients in fertilizers.
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About Author
Written by
Shumaila SaeedShumaila Saeed, an expert content creator with 6 years of experience, specializes in distilling complex topics into easily digestible comparisons, shining a light on the nuances that both inform and educate readers with clarity and accuracy.
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